By Ese Ufuoma
The recent protests across Nigeria, branded under the #EndBadGovernance, reflect a growing wave of dissatisfaction with the country’s economic and political situation. The protests, which began on August 1, 2024, were triggered by a combination of economic hardship, corruption in government, and a lack of basic infrastructure and services.
Nigerians took to the streets in various states, expressing their frustration with rising inflation, fuel scarcity, and a deteriorating standard of living. The removal of fuel and electricity subsidies by the government exacerbated the economic burden on the population, leading many to believe that protests were the only way to demand change.
Protesters voiced a wide range of demands, including the need for better infrastructure, increased transparency in government operations, and a more equitable distribution of resources. The protests also highlighted the pervasive corruption in government, with many pointing to extravagant spending on luxury items for the political class while millions of Nigerians struggle to meet basic needs.
The protests were met with significant resistance from the government, which deployed security forces to control the situation. Authorities also imposed restrictions on protest venues and warned against potential violence, and some anti-protesters protested against those protesting against the government. Despite these measures, the protests continued, driven by the deep-seated discontent among Nigerians who feel that their voices are not being heard by those in power.
Nigeria has a long history of civil unrest, rooted in economic inequality, government corruption, and widespread dissatisfaction with leadership. The most notable recent example before the current protests was the #EndSARS movement in 2020, where Nigerians, especially the youth, took to the streets to demand an end to police brutality and more broadly, better governance. The similarities between #EndSARS and the current #EndBadGovernance protests are striking, both driven by deep-seated frustration with systemic issues that have plagued the country for decades.
The #EndSARS movement set a precedence for how Nigerian citizens could mobilize through social media and peaceful protests to demand change. However, while #EndSARS focused primarily on police reform, the current protests are more comprehensive, targeting the entire political and economic structure of the country. This broader scope reflects a growing awareness and frustration with the persistent failures of successive governments to address the root causes of Nigeria’s problems.
Voices from the ground: The People’s struggle
At the heart of these protests are the voices of ordinary Nigerians who are directly affected by the economic downturn and political instability. Stories from the streets of Lagos, Abuja, and other major cities reveal a population that feels increasingly alienated and betrayed by its leaders.
Take, for instance, the story of Amina, a 35-year-old market trader in Abuja, who described how rising fuel prices have made it nearly impossible for her to transport goods to market, leading to a significant drop in her income. “We can barely survive,” she says, “But the government spends billions on luxury jets and cars. It’s like they don’t care about us.”
Another protester, Odion, a university student in Benin, talks about how the lack of job opportunities has left him and many of his peers with little hope for the future. “We study hard, but there are no jobs. The politicians are enriching themselves while we suffer. This protest is our only way to be heard.”
These personal stories underscore the widespread nature of the discontent and highlight the human cost of the government’s failure to address the country’s economic challenges.
Government response and consequences: A heavy-handed approach
The government’s response to the protests has been swift and often heavy-handed. Security forces were deployed across major cities to contain the demonstrations, with reports of arrests and clashes between protesters and police. This crackdown only fuelled further anger among the population, who see it as yet another example of the government’s disregard for their rights and voices.
In addition to physical suppression, the government has also attempted to control the narrative through media restrictions and public statements. Officials have warned that the protests could lead to violence and instability, framing them as a threat to national security rather than a legitimate expression of public grievance. This rhetoric, however, has done little to quell the unrest, as many Nigerians feel that peaceful protest is their only remaining avenue for demanding change.
Economic analysis: A nation in crisis
At the core of the protests is Nigeria’s ongoing economic crisis, characterized by high inflation, rising unemployment, and a shrinking middle class. The removal of fuel and electricity subsidies earlier this year was the tipping point, leading to a sharp increase in the cost of living and widespread hardship.
Inflation has hit small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) particularly hard, with many businesses struggling to stay afloat amidst soaring costs. The agricultural sector has also been impacted, with farmers facing difficulties in transporting goods due to fuel scarcity and high transportation costs. This, in turn, has led to higher food prices, exacerbating the already dire situation for many Nigerians.
Economic analysts have pointed out that these issues are not just the result of global factors but are also deeply connected to domestic mismanagement and corruption. The government’s lavish spending on luxury items, such as the purchase of new presidential jets and expensive renovations, has been widely criticized as tone-deaf and out of touch with the realities facing most Nigerians.
The protests in Nigeria have not gone unnoticed by the international community. Organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have expressed concerns over the government’s response to the demonstrations, particularly the use of force against peaceful protesters. There have also been calls from foreign governments for the Nigerian authorities to respect the rights of their citizens to protest and to engage in dialogue with the demonstrators.
The unrest in Nigeria is closely watched by other African nations, many of which are faced with similar issues of economic inequality and political instability. The outcome of these protests could have ripple effects across the continent, influencing how other governments respond to similar movements in their own countries.
As the protests have come to an end, the big question is whether they will lead to any meaningful change in Nigeria. While the government has made some concessions, such as promising to address certain economic issues, as President Bola Ahmed Tinubu addressed the nation on Sunday, 4th August 2024, many Nigerians remain skeptical. The lack of trust in the government is profound, and without significant reforms, the underlying causes of the protests are likely to persist.
Looking ahead, the protests could have significant implications for Nigeria’s political landscape, particularly with elections on the horizon. The ability of the opposition to harness this discontent could determine the outcome of the next election, while the ruling party will need to tread carefully to avoid further alienating the electorate.
Moreover, the protests have highlighted the need for a new social contract in Nigeria, one that prioritizes the welfare of the people over the interests of the political elites. Whether this will be achieved remains to be seen, but what is clear is that the Nigerian people are no longer willing to remain silent in the face of bad economic policies and governance.