By Teddy Nwanunobi
Nigeria, Russia, Iraq, Iran, the United States, Algeria and Venezuela have remained the top seven gas flaring countries for nine years running, since the first satellite was launched in 2012, according to a satellite data compiled by the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR).
The seven countries, according to the report, produce 40 per cent of the world’s oil each year, but they also account for roughly two-thirds (65 per cent) of global gas flaring.
In an unprecedented year for the oil and gas industry, oil production declined by 8 per cent in 2020, while global gas flaring reduced by 5 per cent, according to satellite data compiled by the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR).
Oil production dropped from 82 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2019 to 76 million bpd in 2020, as global gas flaring reduced from 150 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2019 to 142 bcm in 2020.
Nonetheless, the world still flared enough gas to power sub-Saharan Africa.
The United States accounted for 70 per cent of the global decline, with gas flaring falling by 32 per cent from 2019 to 2020, due to an 8 per cent drop in oil production, combined with new infrastructure to use gas that would otherwise be flared.
This trend is indicative of ongoing, though differing, challenges facing the seven countries.
For example, the United States has thousands of individual flare sites, difficult to connect to a market, while a few high flaring oil fields in East Siberia in the Russian Federation are extremely remote, lacking the infrastructure to capture and transport the associated gas.
Gas flaring, the burning of natural gas associated with oil extraction, takes place due to issues, including market and economic constraints and a lack of appropriate regulation and political will.
The practice results in a range of pollutants released into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, methane and black carbon (soot).
The methane emissions from gas flaring contribute significantly to global warming in the short to medium term, because methane is over 80 times more powerful than carbon dioxide on a 20-year basis.
“In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, oil-dependent developing countries are feeling the pinch, with constrained revenues and budgets. But with gas flaring still releasing over 400 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions each year, now is the time for action. We must forge ahead with plans to dramatically reduce the direct emissions of the oil and gas sector, including from gas flaring,” the Global Director for the Energy and Extractives Global Practice at the World Bank, Demetrios Papathanasiou, said.
The World Bank’s GGFR is a trust fund and partnership of governments, oil companies, and multilateral organisations working to end routine gas flaring at oil production sites around the world. GGFR, in partnership with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Colorado School of Mines, has developed global gas flaring estimates based upon observations from two satellites, launched in 2012 and 2017.
The advanced sensors of these satellites detect the heat emitted by gas flares as infrared emissions at global upstream oil and gas facilities.
“Almost 80 governments and oil companies have committed to Zero Routine Flaring within the next decade and some are also joining our global partnership, which is a very positive development. Gas flaring reduction projects require significant investment and take several years to produce results … To save the world from millions of tons of emissions a year, this 160-year-old industry practice must now come to an end,” the Programme Manager of the World Bank’s GGFR Partnership Trust Fund, Zubin Bamji, said.